fdatasync vs fsync: Is fdatasync Faster? Real Numbers
Hands-on fsync vs fdatasync vs none: per-write and every-N sync on 256B and 4KiB records. Real p50/p95 show about 100-200x durability tax on localhost
Hands-on nice/ionice lab: victim nice19 under 6 hogs ~5.7× slower (p95 ~7.4s); ionice idle O_DIRECT read ~6.1× under writers. Real numbers, no Docker.